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10月14日 钓鱼岛 来添加一份非常严肃的日志,最近谈起钓鱼岛,发觉了自己的一些偏见,然后今天稍微调查了一下(也就是翻了一下 wikipedia上中文英文日文的相关篇章)。得出一点理解,写在这里。后面附上wikipedia上的一些资料。 首先是观念上,先得排除那种理所应当的态度,觉得钓鱼岛理所当然是我中国领土,绝无可争论之处,日本纯属无赖占领。我想如果稍微看一下相关的各方资料。至少第一个感觉就是这个问题原来比我想象的要复杂的多。 具体位置上,钓鱼岛距离公认的中日领土距离几乎一样,距离日本石堩170KM,距离台湾的宜兰186KM。不过与石堩之间有一条海沟存在。所以在地理上,大家几乎是部分伯仲。 中国对于钓鱼岛的主张在于,从明朝的书籍中就已有钓鱼岛的称呼,说明台湾的渔民在生活中已经接触到这个岛屿。(但日本方面说仅仅发现并不能代表主张了所有 权)日本方面的主张是钓鱼岛是座无人岛屿(也的确是无人岛),而日本在19世纪做过认定其为无主岛并以先占纳入自己领土的外交声明。在此后做了迁入人口的 行动(后因气候恶劣,终止)。 两方的主要主张就是上面两点吧。此外还有其他各式各样的理由,比如某某年对方的哪个官员或者学者做出了认为钓鱼岛是对方领土的言论之类,但都不是主要的吧。(详情请参考wikipedia)。 这里说一点自己的看法。我想的确,钓鱼岛一直一来是座无人岛屿是无可争议的事实。而近代以前,各国大概都很少有主权这种概念,尤其是中国。中国一直以来以 文化论而非领土论。而于古代人看来,这么100多公里外的一个小岛的确是没有任何意义的东西。因此,关于中国的明朝和清朝是否有主张钓鱼岛的主权甚至说主 张这种主权的意思,这一点是否可以提出一些疑问的。当然,就算中国当初没有主张主权,是否意味这日本就可以以先占来主张主权,这个就是国际法上的问题了, 而国际法嘛。。。呵呵个人认为是个挺操蛋的学问,大概也很难得出个公允的结论。 另外提出一点值得大家主意的细节。钓鱼岛问题真正浮出水面是1970以后的事情。而1970年,联合国进行了一次海底资源的调查。称钓鱼岛周围海域可能含 有相当于伊拉克石油储备的石油。中日双方此前并未就钓鱼岛问题进行认真磋商。也就是说,即使进入了现代社会,在二战之后,在对台湾进行收回的时候。当时的 中华民国政府也并没有足够的主权意识来争取钓鱼岛之权利。另外一点,在这个里面还有一个典故,就是牡丹社事件。已经是19世纪后期了,中国政府的外务关于 甚至还是说出了“(台湾)生番系化外之民,伐与不伐,贵国自裁之。”这样的话。 好了说了我的一些理解,下面贴一些资料吧。 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senkaku_Islands he islands are currently administered by Japan as a part of Ishigaki City, Okinawa prefecture. According to both the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China on Taiwan (ROC), the islands are part of Taiwan Province (Daxi Village (大溪里), Toucheng Township, Yilan County, Taiwan Province). [edit] Beginning of the disputeWhen the US was to hand over the disputed islands to Japan,the PRC and ROC governments protested and reiterated their sovereignty over the islands. The ROC made the official anouncement on June 11, 1971, followed by the PRC on December 30th. Despite the Chinese protest, the United States handed over the disputed islands to Japan in 1972. [edit] Chinese claims[edit] Ming Dynasty claimChina claims that the islands were within the Ming Dynasty's sea-defense area and are a part of Taiwan.[8] According to the Chinese, China's sovereignty over the islands is dated to early 15th century, during the reign of the Ming Dynasty. The name Diaoyutai first appeared in 1403 in the Chinese book Voyage with the Tail Wind, which recorded the names of the islands that voyagers had passed on a trip from Fujian to the Ryukyu Kingdom. By 1534, all the major islets of the island group had been identified and named in the book Record of the Imperial Envoy to Ryukyu.[8] [edit] Qing Dynasty claimFrom 1624 until 1662, Taiwan and its surrounding islands were controlled by the Dutch as a base for commerce. In 1662, the Dutch were driven out by ex-Ming Dynasty general Zheng Chenggong (more popularly known as Koxinga). Zheng Chenggong and his successors established the Kingdom of Tungning and controlled the area until 1683. That year, Zheng's grandson Zheng Ke-Shuang was defeated by Qing Dynasty forces led by Admiral Shi Lang. From then on, Qing Dynasty China gained effective control over Taiwan and its surrounding islands, including the islands in dispute today.[9] [edit] Unequal TreatiesAfter losing the First Sino-Japanese War, Qing China signed the Treaty of Shimonoseki on 17 April 1895. This Unequal Treaty ceded Taiwan and its surrounding islands to Japan, although without explicitly mentioning the islands in dispute today. The formal position of China is that all the Unequal Treaties are null and void and thus the islands are still part of Taiwan Province of China.[10] [edit] Tokyo court rulingChina also asserted that in 1944, the Tokyo court ruled that the islands were part of Taihoku Prefecture (Taipei Prefecture), following a dispute between Okinawa Prefecture and Taihoku Prefecture. However, the assertion was solely based on a "claim" by the president of the fishermen's association of Keelung city in 4 August 1971. The primary source of this paragraph can be found in the journal "Modern China Studies", Issue 1, 1997 (in Simplified Chinese).[9]. [edit] Japanese claims[edit] Formal incorporationJapan claims that after the Meiji Restoration, the Japanese government conducted surveys of the islands beginning in 1885 confirming no evidence that the uninhabited islands had been under Chinese control, though this conflicts with the earlier Chinese claim of the islands during the Qing Dynasty. At the time of this survey, Japan did not formally declare a claim to the islands. Instead, it waited until January 14, 1895, during the middle of the First Sino-Japanese War, to do this. Just three months prior to its military victory in the war and the signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki, Japan erected a marker on the islands to formally incorporate them as its territory. This decision was not made public until 1950, however.[10] Four of the islands were subsequently borrowed and developed by the Koga family with the permission of the Japanese government. [edit] History of MingJapanese scholars claim that neither China nor Ryukyu had recognized sovereignty over the uninhabited islands. Therefore, they claim that Chinese documents only prove that Kumejima, the first inhabited island reached by the Chinese, belonged to Okinawa. Kentaro Serita (芹田健太郎) of Kobe University points out that the official history book of the Ming Dynasty compiled during the Qing Dynasty, called the History of Ming (明史), describes Taiwan in the "Stories of Foreign Countries" (外国列传). Thus, China did not control the Senkaku Islands or Taiwan during the Ming Dynasty.[11] However, supporters of China claim the Qing Dynasty gained control of Taiwan and its surrounding islands in 1683, which was 39 years after the fall of the Ming Dynasty. [edit] Beiyang warlord admissionIn a testimonial in 1920, a diplomat from the Chinese Beiyang warlord government admitted that the islands belonged to the Yaeyama District of Okinawa prefecture since Taiwan and its surrounding islands(including the disputed islands) were ceded to Japan in 1895 in the Treaty of Shimonoseki. However, China argues that Taiwan (include its surrounding islands) is an inalienable part of China. The One-China Principle and the Taiwan Issue [edit] United States occupationJapan claims that after World War II, the islands came under the United States occupation of Okinawa. During this period, the United States and the Ryūkyū Government administered the islands and the US Navy even used Kuba-jima and Taisho-jima as maneuver areas. In 1972, sovereignty over Okinawa, and arguably the surrounding islands, was handed back to Japan as part of the Treaty of San Francisco. Supporters of ROC reject Japan's claim, stating that the ROC
government maintains sovereignty over the islands. They assert that
when US forces were stationed on Taiwan during the Cold War, military
maneuvers were periodically held which required the use of the islands
as an aerial bombing target, and the US military applied each time to
the ROC government, instead of to Japanese authorities, for
authorization.[citation needed]
Supporters of ROC also argue that the 1954 ROC-US Mutual Defense
Treaty contains wording implying that the ROC controlled the islands.
The ROC government and the US later agreed to have US forces patrol the
area several miles north of the island of Taiwan. Thus, the ROC had
agreed to have US forces patrol the area around the islands. http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%96%E9%96%A3%E8%AB%B8%E5%B3%B6%E9%A0%98%E6%9C%89%E6%A8%A9%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C
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